The U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) January Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) forecasts that rising electricity generation from renewable energy resources such as solar and wind will reduce generation from fossil fuel-fired power plants over the next two years.
The forecast share of generation for U.S. non-hydropower renewable sources is expected to grow from 13% in 2021 to 17% in 2023. EIA forecasts that the share of generation from natural gas will fall from 37% in 2021 to 34% by 2023, while the coal share will decline from 23% to 22%.
One of the most significant shifts in the mix of U.S. electricity generation over the past 10 years has been the rapid expansion of renewable energy resources, especially solar and wind. The amount of solar power generating capacity operated by the U.S. electric power sector at the end of 2021 is 20 times more than it was at the end of 2011, and U.S. wind power capacity is more than twice what it was 10 years ago.
Another significant shift in the generation mix has been a steady decline in the use of coal-fired power plants since their peak output in 2007 and the increasing use of natural gas, primarily as a result of sustained low natural gas prices. However, that trend reversed in 2021 when the cost of natural gas delivered to U.S. electric generators averaged $4.88 per million British thermal units, more than double the average cost in 2020. As a result, the share of generation from natural gas declined from 39% in 2020 to 37% last year, while the share of generation from coal rose for the first time since 2014 to average 23%.
In the current STEO, EIA forecasts that most of the growth in U.S. electricity generation in 2022 and 2023 will come from new renewable energy sources. The organization estimates that the electric power sector had 63 GW of existing solar power generating capacity operating at the end of 2021. Solar capacity will grow by about 21 GW in 2022 and by 25 GW in 2023. EIA expects that 7 GW of wind generating capacity will be added in 2022 and another 4 GW in 2023. Operating wind capacity totaled 135 GW at the end of 2021.
EIA’s forecasts of growth in renewable electricity generation over the next two years leads to a forecast of a reduced need for fossil-fueled generation. Although EIA expects natural gas prices for electric generators to decline, the operating costs of renewable generators will continue to be generally lower than natural gas-fired units. Regions of the country with the largest increases in renewable capacity, such as Texas and the Midwest/Central regions, will experience the largest reductions in natural gas generation.
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