The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy for the U.K.’s fourth Contract-for-Difference (CfD) auction round (AR4) for renewables has yielded almost 11 GW of awards: double what was awarded in the last round and nearly as much as the previous three rounds combined.
Wind energy got 8.5 GW, most of it offshore.
“Seven gigawatts of new offshore wind in one auction – wow!,” says WindEurope CEO Giles Dickson. “And it’s a welcome return for onshore wind in the U.K. too. It cements the U.K.’s position as a global leader in renewables. The strong competition and competitive prices also show the U.K. has the right basic auction design with CfDs. And they’ve shown again how cheap CfDs are for governments – because they get paid back as well as paying out. CfDs also keep finance costs low because investors are guaranteed stable revenues. Those countries still not using CfDs should start doing so.”
The new projects will power 12.5 million U.K. homes and attract around €21 billion in investment, creating tens of thousands of skilled jobs – including a further 16,000 in onshore and offshore wind. The 10.8 GW announced is equivalent to 14% of the U.K.’s total current electricity capacity (75.8 GW).
AR4 had an overall budget of €345 million and was structured around three different pots.
Pot 1 was dedicated to established onshore technologies, including onshore wind, solar and hydropower. This pot was technology-neutral, meaning that the different technologies compete to get awarded. The total capacity auctioned under Pot 1 was capped at 5 GW. To ensure that the different technologies in Pot 1 have a fair chance to be awarded, the maximum capacity of successful bids for both onshore wind and solar were also capped. In the end, the government will provide a budget of just over €15mn for a total capacity of 3.1 GW.
Around 1 GW of those went to new onshore wind projects at an average strike price of around €50/MWh. This means the comeback of U.K. onshore wind. It’s the first time since 2015 that the U.K. government provides public support for onshore wind energy. The technology has previously been stalling after the government had excluded it from the CfD auctions. All the successful onshore wind projects awarded in Pot 1 are located in Scotland.
Pot 2 was dedicated to less established technologies, including floating offshore wind, tidal stream, geothermal, wave energy and remote island wind projects. Here the government will support a total capacity of 670 MW at a budget of €126 million.
With the TwinHub Floating Offshore Wind Project, a new 32 MW floating wind project went through. It’s a demonstrator project in the Celtic Sea that will be installed on a test site in Cornwall, South-West England. The U.K. government just recently acknowledged the crucial role that floating offshore wind will play in the decarbonization of Britain’s economy. The U.K. aims to have 24 GW of floating wind in the Celtic Sea alone by 2045, creating a €59 billion economy, tens of thousands of jobs and making a sizeable contribution to the country’s energy transition targets.
Wind energy scored another 600 MW offered in Pot 2 via remote island wind projects. To fall under this definition, projects must be located on islands and include a connection between the unit’s generation circuit and the Main Interconnected Transmission System (MITS) that requires at least 50 kilometers of cabling, of which 20 kilometers must be subsea cabling. Remote island wind projects are onshore wind projects, increasing the amount of onshore wind capacity awarded across the different pots to around 1.5 GW.
Pot 3, by far biggest and most important pot of the AR4 round, was dedicated to offshore wind projects. The U.K. is the global leader in offshore wind today already with 12.7 GW of wind farms operating at sea. By 2030 they want to have 50 GW. Pot 3 awarded five offshore wind projects with a total capacity of just under 7 GW, increasing the country’s overall offshore wind capacity built and under construction by 35% and taking a big step towards meeting the 2030 offshore wind target.
Among the winning bids was Orsted’s Hornsea 3 project, the world’s single biggest offshore wind farm with a capacity of 2,852 MW. Other winning bids came from Red Rock Power, ESB, Vattenfall, Iberdrola, Ocean Winds and the Ignitis Group.
The wind energy supply chain in Europe is facing many overlapping global challenges: the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing lockdowns in China and elsewhere, the war in Ukraine, and its implications on energy and commodity prices and international supply chain disruptions. Nevertheless, the winning offshore wind bids came in at a record-low average price of €43.86/MWh inflation-indexed in 2012 prices, comparing to €47/MWh in the previous auction round.
The offshore wind bids were awarded at the lowest cost of all renewable technologies. They are significantly cheaper than the current cost of electricity, which has been trading at over €150/MWh for much of this year. This means that U.K. offshore wind continues its cost reduction, lowering electricity prices. RenewableUK estimates that the AR4 projects will save consumers €68/year compared to the cost of power from gas, reduce the U.K.’s reliance on expensive imported energy and strengthen its energy security.
“Europe’s economies face gas shortages and skyrocketing energy costs,” adds Dickson. “Households and companies are struggling to pay their bills. The 8.5 GW of new wind farms will help keep electricity affordable and strengthen the U.K.’s energy security. They’ll play a central role too in delivering the U.K.’s climate targets. The U.K. should publish a clear schedule for their next offshore wind auctions like the Dutch have just done.”
